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Jobs for foreigners in Japan by profession

Which visa does a cook, a programmer, a nurse or a driver need? How much Japanese and which education are required, and what does the job pay on average according to official statistics? We put 12 common jobs into one table — and made detailed pages for the most common ones.

Jobs in the table: visa, language, education, pay12

Fields of Specified Skilled Worker (特定技能); three not yet open19

Average monthly pay of a foreign worker on a professional status, 2025¥313,200

Average monthly pay on Specified Skilled Worker, 2025¥221,400

In short

Jobs for foreigners in five lines

  • The job decides the visa. A status of residence is granted for a specific kind of work: a programmer or an interpreter gets Engineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services (技術・人文知識・国際業務), a cook of foreign cuisine gets Skilled Labor (技能, ginō), many manual jobs get Specified Skilled Worker (特定技能, tokutei ginō).
  • With a degree the Engineer/Specialist status is open: a university degree that fits the job, a Japanese vocational college, or 10 years of experience. Interpreters and language teachers can have a degree in any subject.
  • Without a degree — Specified Skilled Worker: a skills test for the sector and Japanese at A2 (JFT-Basic or N4). In food service, new applications are currently suspended (since April 13, 2026).
  • A foreign license as a doctor or nurse does not work in Japan on its own — you need recognition of your degree and the Japanese exam. Foreign lawyers can register to advise on their own country’s law; to practice Japanese law you need the Japanese bar exam.
  • Average monthly pay in the MHLW statistics is ¥250,000–¥400,000 for most jobs in the table, higher for doctors, lawyers, accountants, professors, researchers and systems consultants. Newcomers usually earn less than the average.

The table

12 jobs: visa, Japanese, education, pay

Visa requirements follow the rules of the Immigration Services Agency. What employers expect in Japanese is marked “usually”: the law does not set it. Pay is the average scheduled monthly pay before deductions in the MHLW statistics for 2025.

Job Status of residence Japanese Education and qualifications Average monthly pay, 2025
IT engineer, developer Engineer/Specialist; with enough points — Highly Skilled Professional (高度専門職) Not needed for the visa. English is often enough in international teams; Japanese companies usually expect N2 A university or Japanese vocational college in a related field, 10 years of experience, or a Japanese IT exam (FE, AP and others) Software developers: ¥356,800; system consultants and designers: ¥506,800
Office, sales, trading companies Engineer/Specialist Usually N2 or higher A degree or Japanese vocational college that fits the job, or 10 years of experience; for foreign trade and advertising without a related degree — 3 years of experience General office clerks: ¥331,900; sales representatives (other): ¥399,000
English teacher Engineer/Specialist (private language school) or Instructor (教育) at a school Not required for the work A degree in any subject; an assistant language teacher at a school also needs 12 years of education in English No separate line in the statistics. The JET Programme pays about ¥4,020,000 in the first year
Interpreter, translator (通訳・翻訳, tsūyaku, hon’yaku) Engineer/Specialist — international services A working level. At category 3–4 employers — proof of B2 in your working languages (for Japanese: N2, BJT 400+ or a Japanese degree) A degree in any subject or 3 years of experience No separate line in the statistics
Cook of foreign cuisine Skilled Labor (技能) Not needed for the visa No degree needed: 10 years of experience in that cuisine (training in it counts) All cooks: ¥262,000
Care worker (介護, kaigo) Nursing Care (介護) or Specified Skilled Worker Specified Skilled Worker: A2 (JFT-Basic or N4) and the Care Japanese test (介護日本語評価試験) Nursing Care status — the Japanese qualification of certified care worker (介護福祉士, kaigo fukushishi); Specified Skilled Worker — a skills test Care workers: ¥262,900
Restaurants, hotels, shops Specified Skilled Worker: food service (new applications currently suspended since April 13, 2026), accommodation. Retail is not one of the fields A2 (JFT-Basic or N4) A skills test Waiters: ¥255,100; shop assistants: ¥265,200
Construction, manufacturing Specified Skilled Worker: construction, industrial manufacturing, food and beverage manufacturing A2 (JFT-Basic or N4) A skills test Construction (frame work): ¥302,700; food manufacturing: ¥248,900
Driver Specified Skilled Worker: automobile transportation Trucks — A2; buses and taxis — B1 A test and a Japanese driver’s license: class 1 (第一種) for trucks, class 2 (第二種) for buses and taxis Large trucks: ¥306,300; other trucks: ¥287,300; taxis: ¥306,400
Doctor, nurse Medical Services (医療) Doctors — N1 and a check of Japanese with patients; nurses — N1 to sit the exam (except EPA candidates) A Japanese license: recognition of your degree by the MHLW and the national exam Doctors: ¥1,027,700; nurses: ¥333,200
Lawyer, accountant, tax accountant Legal / Accounting Services (法律・会計業務) — with a Japanese license, or as a registered foreign lawyer / foreign CPA approved in Japan; an accountant in a company — Engineer/Specialist License exams are in Japanese A Japanese license as an attorney, certified public accountant, tax accountant and others; a foreign lawyer — approval and registration as a gaikokuhō jimu bengoshi (3 years of practice) Legal professionals: ¥614,500; certified public accountants and tax accountants: ¥533,700
Researcher, university teacher Researcher (研究) or Professor (教授) Depends on the workplace Researcher: a degree and a master’s or 3 years of research, or 10 years of research. Professor has no separate entry conditions — the university sets the requirements Researchers: ¥491,500; university professors: ¥664,900

Pay

How to read the figures in the table

The MHLW Basic Survey on Wage Structure (賃金構造基本統計調査, chingin kōzō kihon tōkei chōsa) is the official annual survey of wages, including by occupation. We use its 2025 table by occupation.

  • It is scheduled pay (所定内給与額, shoteinai kyūyo gaku): for June 2025, before taxes and contributions, without overtime and without bonuses. Bonuses are a separate annual amount in the statistics.
  • It is an average of all full-time workers at companies with 10 or more staff — Japanese and foreigners together, of all ages. In most jobs the average age is over 40, so starting pay is usually lower.
  • What you take home: the take-home pay calculator shows it — health insurance, pension, Employment Insurance and taxes are deducted from the pay.

Average monthly pay of foreign workers by type of status

Status A month, 2025
All foreign workers ¥254,300
Professional and technical statuses (Engineer/Specialist and others), excluding Specified Skilled Worker ¥313,200
Specified Skilled Worker (特定技能) ¥221,400
Technical Intern Training (技能実習) ¥190,300

In detail

Pages on the most common jobs

Visas, exams, language, contract and pay — job by job.

IT jobs

Who gets hired, English or Japanese, a visa without a degree through an IT exam, HSP points, developer pay.

Read more →

English teacher

A language school or a public school, the JET Programme, the Engineer/Specialist and Instructor statuses, the risks of contractor agreements.

Read more →

Care work

Four routes into care work (kaigo): the Nursing Care status, Specified Skilled Worker, the Japanese and skills tests.

Read more →

Restaurants, hotels, shops

Specified Skilled Worker in services: which tests are held now, cooks on Skilled Labor, students’ part-time jobs.

Read more →

Licensed jobs

Doctor, nurse, lawyer, psychologist: why a foreign license is not enough on its own, the foreign-lawyer route and how the Japanese exams work.

Read more →

All work visas

The full list of statuses for work: requirements, documents, timelines and fees.

Read more →

Three paths

How a foreigner gets into a profession in Japan

The path depends not on what you want but on what you have: a degree, experience, or time to study.

  1. You have a university degreeLook for a job that fits your degree: the Engineer/Specialist status. Your pay must be no lower than a Japanese employee’s in the same job. High income, experience and Japanese give points for the Highly Skilled Professional status — a fast track to permanent residency.
  2. No degree, but a tradeSpecified Skilled Worker: a skills test and Japanese at A2. The tests are held in Japan and in other countries; dates are on the program’s website. A cook of foreign cuisine — the Skilled Labor status with 10 years of experience.
  3. NeitherStudy in Japan: a Japanese language school, then a Japanese vocational college in your field. A vocational college diploma that fits the job opens the Engineer/Specialist status, and while you study you improve your Japanese and can look for work locally. See the long-term program.

Deadlines

Deadlines, and what happens if you miss them

What When If you miss it
Notify immigration of a new contract or of leaving a job within 14 days a fine of up to ¥200,000
Not doing the work of your status, or without work more than 3 months without a valid reason a ground for revoking your status
The JLPT in Japan July and December the next attempt is half a year later
Specified Skilled Worker applications in food service new applications currently suspended (since April 13, 2026) look for work in another field or wait until applications reopen

Linked to your visa

Profession, status and family

Linked to your visa.

  • Your work must fit your status. Moving to work in another field is possible only with a change of status. If unsure, ask immigration for a Certificate of Authorized Employment (就労資格証明書, shūrō shikaku shōmeisho).
  • Pay no lower than a Japanese employee’s in the same job is a condition of Engineer/Specialist, Instructor, Researcher and Specified Skilled Worker.
  • Family. On most work statuses your spouse and children get the Dependent status (家族滞在) and may work part-time up to 28 hours a week with permission. On Specified Skilled Worker (i) and Technical Intern Training you cannot bring your family; on Specified Skilled Worker (ii) you can.
  • No restrictions on the kind of work for permanent residents, spouses of Japanese nationals and of permanent residents, and Long-Term Residents (定住者).

Work visas · Dependent visa · Notifications · Changing jobs

FAQ

Questions about jobs in Japan

Almost any job, as long as you hold a status of residence that allows it. With a degree, office, IT, engineering, sales, interpreting and teaching jobs are open on the Engineer/Specialist status. Without a degree, Specified Skilled Worker covers 19 fields such as care work, construction, manufacturing, accommodation, agriculture and transport (three of them — linen supply, logistics warehouses and resource recycling — have not started yet). Permanent residents and spouses of Japanese nationals may do any job.
Yes, mostly through Specified Skilled Worker: you pass a skills test for the field and a Japanese test at A2 (JFT-Basic or JLPT N4). A cook of foreign cuisine with 10 years of experience can get Skilled Labor. Another route is to study at a Japanese vocational college: its diploma in your field opens the Engineer/Specialist status.
In the official MHLW wage census for 2025, foreign workers earned ¥254,300 a month on average in scheduled pay before deductions, without overtime and bonuses. On professional statuses such as Engineer/Specialist the average was ¥313,200, on Specified Skilled Worker ¥221,400 and on Technical Intern Training ¥190,300.
Not on its own. Doctors and nurses need recognition of the foreign degree by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Japanese national exam, in Japanese; JLPT N1 is needed to be admitted (EPA nurse candidates from Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam take the exam without it). A foreign lawyer can register as a gaikokuhō jimu bengoshi to advise on the law of their own country; Japanese law needs the Japanese bar exam. Accountants and tax accountants need a Japanese license, or approval as a foreign certified public accountant.
Simple floor work does not fit the Engineer/Specialist status. Full-time work in restaurants and hotels is possible on Specified Skilled Worker (food service or accommodation), but new food-service applications are currently suspended (since April 13, 2026), and retail is not one of the fields. Students and dependents may work in shops and restaurants part-time, up to 28 hours a week with permission.
Only if your status of residence covers the new work. If it does not, you need a change of status before you start. Within 14 days of leaving a job or signing a new contract you must notify immigration. If you are unsure whether the new job fits, you can ask immigration for a Certificate of Authorized Employment.
On most work statuses your spouse and children can come on the Dependent status and may work part-time up to 28 hours a week with permission. On Specified Skilled Worker (i) and Technical Intern Training you cannot bring your family; on Specified Skilled Worker (ii) you can.

Sources

Where this information comes from

Rates, limits and deadlines on this page were checked against the official websites of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Immigration Services Agency, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the JET Programme on October 7, 2026. Amounts are in Japanese yen. When a rule changes we update the page and the date above.

This page is general information. Immigration decides on your status of residence, and the employer decides whether to hire you. Average pay is official statistics, not a promise of a specific salary.

Choosing a profession in Japan?

No degree in your field, or no Japanese yet? Start by studying: a language school, then a vocational college in your field — and you will have both the language and the diploma for a work visa. Our help choosing a school and preparing the visa documents is free — the school pays us, not you.

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